What Is the Maryland Online Data Privacy Act (MODPA)?
MODPA applies to persons that conduct business in Maryland or provide products or services targeted to Maryland residents and meet either the 35,000-consumer branch or the 10,000-consumer-plus-more-than-20%-sale-revenue branch, subject to exemptions. It grants access, correction, deletion, portability, third-party-category, and opt-out rights, with a 45-day response period and possible 45-day extension. It also requires qualifying opt-out preference signals by October 1, 2025 and includes sensitive-data, minimization, and under-18 consent rules. For alleged violations on or before April 1, 2027, the Division may offer at least 60 days to cure when it determines cure is possible; this is discretionary.
At a glance
- Full name
- Maryland Online Data Privacy Act
- Short code
- MODPA
- Effective date
- October 1, 2025
- Response reference
- 45 days in this snapshot
- Cure period
- None recorded in this snapshot
- Private right of action
- No
- Enforcement
- Maryland Office of the Attorney General. Division of Consumer Protection
- Penalty reference
- Up to $10,000 per violation; up to $25,000 for repeat violations under the Maryland Consumer Protection Act
- Statutory citation
- Md. Code, Com. Law §§ 14-4601–14-4614
Who MODPA applies to
A business is covered if it meets the applicability thresholds set out in Md. Code, Com. Law §§ 14-4601–14-4614. The thresholds listed below are the research record for this law. Whether one or more applies depends on the current statute, its exceptions, and the business's facts; do not assume a universal threshold structure.
- Conducts business in Maryland or provides products or services targeted to Maryland residents and, during the preceding calendar year, controls or processes the personal data of at least 35,000 consumers, excluding data processed solely for payment transactions
- Conducts business in Maryland or provides products or services targeted to Maryland residents and, during the preceding calendar year, controls or processes the personal data of at least 10,000 consumers and derives more than 20% of gross revenue from the sale of personal data
Continue with related privacy resources
Follow the route that matches your next question. Each link stays within a documented topic cluster and points to a canonical content page.
Consumer rights under MODPA
Sensitive-data sale restrictions, subject to statutory scope and exceptions
Data-minimization requirement, subject to the current statute
Heightened protections for minors
Low thresholds, more brokers are in scope
Discretionary cure notice of at least 60 days may apply through April 1, 2027
Notable features (vs. CCPA)
MODPA restricts the sale and processing of sensitive data and imposes data-minimization requirements, including a standard that collection be 'reasonably necessary and proportionate' to provide or maintain a specific product or service requested by the consumer. Consumers who are at least 13 and younger than 18 receive consent protections for targeted advertising and sale when the controller knew or should have known the consumer's age.
Enforcement and penalty reference
Enforcing agency: Maryland Office of the Attorney General. Division of Consumer Protection
Penalty reference: Up to $10,000 per violation; up to $25,000 for repeat violations under the Maryland Consumer Protection Act
Cure period: For alleged violations occurring on or before April 1, 2027, the Division may issue a notice of violation when it determines that a cure is possible. If notice is issued, the controller or processor must receive at least 60 days to cure; this is discretionary, not a general automatic cure period.
Private right of action: MODPA has no private right of action. Enforcement is through Maryland's Division of Consumer Protection (office of the Attorney General).
Where to file a complaint: Maryland Office of the Attorney General
How to exercise your MODPA rights
- 1
Identify the business that holds your data. OfflistMe can help you review a provider route across 1,034 US/global data brokers in the 1,052-record research universe; it does not decide whether a law applies to a specific request.
- 2
Submit a verifiable consumer request. Submit a request to the business's designated contact using the provider's current verification instructions. Include only the information reasonably needed to match your record and check the applicable Maryland residency, scope, exemption, and verification rules before sending.
- 3
Track the applicable response window. This research snapshot records a 45-day reference window for the modeled request. Confirm the current statute, request type, controller scope, extension rule, and verification date before treating it as a deadline.
- 4
Escalate if denied or ignored. If the provider does not respond or disputes the request, preserve the request and response record, review the applicable exceptions, and consider the Maryland Office of the Attorney General complaint route at https://www.marylandattorneygeneral.gov/Pages/CPD/Complaint.aspx. A complaint route does not itself guarantee deletion or a particular enforcement result.
Generate requests in under 60 seconds
Generate your MODPA privacy request, $9 one-time
FAQ
What should Maryland residents check under MODPA?+
Check the controller's scope, the statute's sensitive-data and data-minimization provisions, request verification, exemptions, and current response rules. A particular data broker may still fall outside MODPA or retain data under an applicable exception.
Does MODPA limit what a business may collect?+
Yes. MODPA includes a data-minimization standard requiring collection to be reasonably necessary and proportionate to provide or maintain a specific product or service requested by the consumer. It also includes consent protections for certain targeted advertising and sale involving consumers ages 13 through 17 when the controller knew or should have known the consumer's age.
Official sources & citations
Compare with sibling state laws
MODPA is one of 18 comprehensive US state privacy laws. Its closest peers by effective date, useful when tracking how this law influenced or was influenced by neighboring legislation:
State privacy-law comparison: effective dates, cure periods, and penalties
18 explainer states are compared from the state-law datasets. The chart emphasizes cure-period days; the table preserves effective dates and penalty wording.
- Highlighted state
- Other states with an explainer
Effective: 2024-07-01
Penalty: Up to $7,500 per violation
Effective: 2023-01-01
Penalty: Up to $7,500 per violation
Effective: 2023-07-01
Penalty: Up to $20,000 per violation under the Colorado Consumer Protection Act
Effective: 2023-07-01
Penalty: Up to $5,000 per violation under the Connecticut Unfair Trade Practices Act
Effective: 2023-12-31
Penalty: Up to $7,500 per violation
Effective: 2024-07-01
Penalty: Up to $7,500 per violation under the Oregon Unlawful Trade Practices Act
Effective: 2025-07-01
Penalty: Up to $7,500 per violation; a court may award treble damages for willful or knowing violations
Effective: 2025-01-01
Penalty: Up to $10,000 per violation under the Delaware Consumer Fraud Act
Effective: 2025-01-01
Penalty: Up to $10,000 per violation under RSA 358-A:4
Effective: 2025-01-15
Penalty: Up to $10,000 for the first violation; up to $20,000 for each subsequent violation under the NJ Consumer Fraud Act
Effective: 2025-10-01
Penalty: Up to $10,000 per violation; up to $25,000 for repeat violations under the Maryland Consumer Protection Act
Effective: 2025-07-31
Penalty: Up to $7,500 per violation under existing consumer protection authority
Effective: 2025-01-01
Penalty: Up to $7,500 per violation under the Iowa Consumer Fraud Act
Effective: 2024-10-01
Penalty: Up to $7,500 for each violation under Mont. Code Ann. § 30-14-2820, following the statutory notice-and-cure period
Effective: 2026-01-01
Penalty: Up to $7,500 for each violation under Ind. Code § 24-15-10-2, plus reasonable enforcement expenses
Effective: 2025-01-01
Penalty: Up to $7,500 in civil penalties for each violation under Neb. Rev. Stat. § 87-1124, following the statutory cure period or a breach of the written statement
Effective: 2026-01-01
Penalty: Up to $7,500 in damages for each continued violation under Ky. Rev. Stat. § 367.3627
Effective: 2026-01-01
Penalty: An intentional disclosure to a shell entity or in violation of the chapter carries a $100–$500 fine per disclosure under R.I. Gen. Laws § 6-48.1-8; other Deceptive Trade Practices Act remedies are not summarized here
“None” follows the explainer's null cure-period field; it is not an inference about a different provision. Effective dates are “Not stated” when the matching state-page field is absent.
Show the data as a table
| State | Effective date | Cure period | Penalty text |
|---|---|---|---|
| Texas | 2024-07-01 | 30 days | Up to $7,500 per violation |
| Virginia | 2023-01-01 | 30 days | Up to $7,500 per violation |
| Colorado | 2023-07-01 | none | Up to $20,000 per violation under the Colorado Consumer Protection Act |
| Connecticut | 2023-07-01 | none | Up to $5,000 per violation under the Connecticut Unfair Trade Practices Act |
| Utah | 2023-12-31 | 30 days | Up to $7,500 per violation |
| Oregon | 2024-07-01 | none | Up to $7,500 per violation under the Oregon Unlawful Trade Practices Act |
| Tennessee | 2025-07-01 | 60 days | Up to $7,500 per violation; a court may award treble damages for willful or knowing violations |
| Delaware | 2025-01-01 | none | Up to $10,000 per violation under the Delaware Consumer Fraud Act |
| New Hampshire | 2025-01-01 | none | Up to $10,000 per violation under RSA 358-A:4 |
| New Jersey | 2025-01-15 | none | Up to $10,000 for the first violation; up to $20,000 for each subsequent violation under the NJ Consumer Fraud Act |
| Maryland | 2025-10-01 | none | Up to $10,000 per violation; up to $25,000 for repeat violations under the Maryland Consumer Protection Act |
| Minnesota | 2025-07-31 | none | Up to $7,500 per violation under existing consumer protection authority |
| Iowa | 2025-01-01 | 90 days | Up to $7,500 per violation under the Iowa Consumer Fraud Act |
| Montana | 2024-10-01 | 30 days | Up to $7,500 for each violation under Mont. Code Ann. § 30-14-2820, following the statutory notice-and-cure period |
| Indiana | 2026-01-01 | 30 days | Up to $7,500 for each violation under Ind. Code § 24-15-10-2, plus reasonable enforcement expenses |
| Nebraska | 2025-01-01 | 30 days | Up to $7,500 in civil penalties for each violation under Neb. Rev. Stat. § 87-1124, following the statutory cure period or a breach of the written statement |
| Kentucky | 2026-01-01 | 30 days | Up to $7,500 in damages for each continued violation under Ky. Rev. Stat. § 367.3627 |
| Rhode Island | 2026-01-01 | none | An intentional disclosure to a shell entity or in violation of the chapter carries a $100–$500 fine per disclosure under R.I. Gen. Laws § 6-48.1-8; other Deceptive Trade Practices Act remedies are not summarized here |
Sources (36)
Texas Business & Commerce Code, Chapter 541 (TDPSA) · Texas AG. Consumer Privacy · Virginia Code § 59.1-575 (VCDPA) · Virginia AG. Consumer Privacy · Colorado Revised Statutes 2026, Title 6, Part 13 (Colorado Privacy Act) · Colorado AG. Data Privacy · Connecticut Attorney General. The Connecticut Data Privacy Act · Connecticut Public Act 25-113 · Utah Code Title 13, Chapter 61 (UCPA) · Utah Code § 13-61-201, effective July 1, 2026 · Oregon Revised Statutes Chapter 646A (2025 edition; check later session laws) · Oregon Legislature. Current ORS update and session-law notice · Tennessee Code, Title 47, Chapter 18, Part 33 (official code volume) · Tennessee Attorney General. TIPA consumer and business guide · Delaware Code Title 6, Chapter 12D (DPDPA) · Delaware DOJ. Consumer Protection · New Hampshire Revised Statutes, Chapter 507-H (NHDPA) · New Hampshire Revised Statutes § 358-A:4 · NJDPA (P.L. 2023, c. 266. Full Text) · New Jersey Division of Consumer Affairs · Maryland SB 541 / MODPA (Signed Chapter 455) · Maryland AG. Consumer Protection Division · Minnesota Statutes Chapter 325M (MCDPA) · Minnesota AG. Consumer Protection · Iowa Code Chapter 715D (ICDPA) · Iowa AG. Consumer Protection · Montana Code Title 30, Chapter 14, Part 28 (MTCDPA) · Montana DOJ. Montana Consumer Data Privacy / SB 297 · Indiana Code Title 24, Article 15 (INCDPA) · Indiana Attorney General. Consumer Data Bill of Rights · Nebraska Revised Statutes §§ 87-1101–87-1130 (NBDPA) · Nebraska Revised Statute § 87-1103 (applicability) · Kentucky Revised Statutes Chapter 367 (KCDPA sections) · Kentucky Revised Statutes § 367.3611 (July 1, 2027 version) · Rhode Island General Laws Title 6, Chapter 48.1 (RIDTPPA) · Rhode Island General Laws § 6-48.1-3 (information sharing practices)
Checked state pages 2026-10-14; law explainers 2026-10-11
Recorded state response-window references
The bars show deletionDeadlineDays values recorded in the state-page dataset; states without that field remain visible in a separate list.
- Highlighted focus state
- Other recorded states
This is a reference window recorded in this dataset; confirm the statute, request type, controller scope, verification rules, extensions, and exceptions before treating it as a deadline. A recorded window does not predict acceptance or completion.
Not recorded: Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, Georgia, Hawaii, Idaho, Illinois, Kansas, Louisiana, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, Mississippi, Missouri, Nevada, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, South Dakota, Vermont, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming.
Show the data as a table
| State | Reference window | Dataset status |
|---|---|---|
| Alabama | Not recorded | Context |
| Alaska | Not recorded | Context |
| Arizona | Not recorded | Context |
| Arkansas | Not recorded | Context |
| California | 45 days | Context |
| Colorado | 45 days | Context |
| Connecticut | 45 days | Context |
| Delaware | 45 days | Context |
| Florida | 45 days | Context |
| Georgia | Not recorded | Context |
| Hawaii | Not recorded | Context |
| Idaho | Not recorded | Context |
| Illinois | Not recorded | Context |
| Indiana | 45 days | Context |
| Iowa | 90 days | Context |
| Kansas | Not recorded | Context |
| Kentucky | 45 days | Context |
| Louisiana | Not recorded | Context |
| Maine | Not recorded | Context |
| Maryland | 45 days | Focus state |
| Massachusetts | Not recorded | Context |
| Michigan | Not recorded | Context |
| Minnesota | 45 days | Context |
| Mississippi | Not recorded | Context |
| Missouri | Not recorded | Context |
| Montana | 45 days | Context |
| Nebraska | 45 days | Context |
| Nevada | Not recorded | Context |
| New Hampshire | 45 days | Context |
| New Jersey | 45 days | Context |
| New Mexico | Not recorded | Context |
| New York | Not recorded | Context |
| North Carolina | Not recorded | Context |
| North Dakota | Not recorded | Context |
| Ohio | Not recorded | Context |
| Oklahoma | Not recorded | Context |
| Oregon | 45 days | Context |
| Pennsylvania | Not recorded | Context |
| Rhode Island | 45 days | Context |
| South Carolina | Not recorded | Context |
| South Dakota | Not recorded | Context |
| Tennessee | 45 days | Context |
| Texas | 45 days | Context |
| Utah | 45 days | Context |
| Vermont | Not recorded | Context |
| Virginia | 45 days | Context |
| Washington | Not recorded | Context |
| West Virginia | Not recorded | Context |
| Wisconsin | Not recorded | Context |
| Wyoming | Not recorded | Context |
Sources (50)
California attorney-general source · Texas attorney-general source · Florida attorney-general source · New York attorney-general source · Virginia attorney-general source · Colorado attorney-general source · Illinois attorney-general source · Washington attorney-general source · Connecticut attorney-general source · Oregon attorney-general source · Utah attorney-general source · Pennsylvania attorney-general source · Ohio attorney-general source · Georgia attorney-general source · Massachusetts attorney-general source · New Jersey attorney-general source · Minnesota attorney-general source · Tennessee attorney-general source · Maryland attorney-general source · Delaware attorney-general source · New Hampshire attorney-general source · Indiana attorney-general source · Iowa attorney-general source · Montana attorney-general source · Nebraska attorney-general source · Kentucky attorney-general source · Rhode Island attorney-general source · Arizona attorney-general source · North Carolina attorney-general source · Michigan attorney-general source · Nevada attorney-general source · Vermont attorney-general source · Wisconsin attorney-general source · Missouri attorney-general source · Alabama attorney-general source · South Carolina attorney-general source · Louisiana attorney-general source · Oklahoma attorney-general source · Kansas attorney-general source · Mississippi attorney-general source · Arkansas attorney-general source · West Virginia attorney-general source · Maine attorney-general source · New Mexico attorney-general source · Idaho attorney-general source · Hawaii attorney-general source · Alaska attorney-general source · North Dakota attorney-general source · South Dakota attorney-general source · Wyoming attorney-general source
Checked state pages 2026-10-14